Fabian Wirth The Hamilton Institute NUI Maynooth Maynooth, Co. Kildare Internet Congestion Control Abstract: Internet congestion control is a prime example of a system that appears to be extremely complex but that can be regulated reasonably well by simple decentralised algorithms, that possess little information about the state of the system. We will describe the functionality of the transfer control protocol (TCP) and present a mathematical model describing the dynamics that are induced by this protocol. Some future challenges are discussed.